Classification of manufacturing process

             




Classification of Manufacturing process
Manufacturing is a process of converting
the raw materials into final product.
Manufacturing deals with the machining by performing various process on raw materials to convert into final product.
It's also deals with the different materials
Like metals, forming jobs of various sizes
It is the process of forming the object of various shapes and sizes by performing various machining process and through which the final product is obtain.

Various machines are used in manufacturing of product

Ex-lathe - which is used to form jobs of various sizes.
Drilling machine- for drilling purpose
CNC- to form various metal jobs of different sizes
VMC- vertical machining center
Milling- used also for metal removal process.And many more machines are used for manufacturing of products.

 Lathe- lathe is a machine through which we can obtain different sizes of jobs &          shapes.There are various types of lathe EX tungsten lathe, speed lathe, bench lathe turret lathe etc. It is the machine through which the cutting tools perform various motion on the job for shaping jobs or metal

Job is placed in Chuck and rotated in uniform speed.
If cutting tool is kept parallel to the job the cylindrical shapes are formed & if placed perpendicular than the flat surface is formed.
Components or part of lathe
BED, headstock, tailstock,carriage,cross-slide, compound rest,apron
Lathe accessories- for support & handling
Chucks- three jaws universal chuck, four Jaw independent chuck, combination chuck, magnetic chuck, hydraulic chuk

CNC- It is type of machine through which various job of different shapes are formed by instructions by using different codes it is known as computerised numerical control

machine. It is type of machine through which by using different codes the shaping of the jobs are done it is computerisedbased machine and used for forming various jobs of different shapes and sizes.

CNC machining is a process used in the manufacturing sector that involves the use of computer to control the machine tools. Tools that can be controlled in this manner include lathes, mills,routers and grinder.
The CNC in CNC machining stands for computerised numerical control.


Milling- it is a process of removing extra materials from the jobs. It is the metal removal process the extra materials from the jobs is removed called as chip.it is a cutting process that uses a milling cutter to remove material from the surface of workpiece. As apposed to drilling, where the tool is advanced along its rotation axis, the cutter in milling  is usually moved to perpendicular axis so that cutting occurs on the circumference of the cutter.it is a process by which the wheat is ground into the floor. Milling machine are generally of two types Horizontal milling & vertical milling machine.

Types of manufacturing process 

Casting- it is a process of forming metallic object by melting the metal & pouring it into the hollow cavity mould. It is a process in which the liquid metal is allowed to be solidified in cavity( mould cavity). It's advantage is that complex shapes can be formed by casting. Ductile objects can be formed. 

It's limitation is that the surface finish of the object is not good 

Expandable casting, permanent mould casting, semipermanent mould casting.

The different patterns are used

wax,wood, plastic And many more

Shell moulding- it contains pattern like cast iron, aluminium, copper the pattern is heated to 230- 350 celcius
The cilica, rasin are used as mixture in the box the box is heated in furnace at 300 celcius then the pattern is removed

Fullmoulding- it contains plastic pattern & used for tools, motor caring, fittings, large size objects, machine tools blades, Gear blocks etc.
Pattern- it is the impression of object which is to be form or it is model


Forging process- it is the process in which object is form by the help of temperature & pressure.the different sizes and shapes are formed by using this process. It is the process which involves the shaping of metal using the localised compressive forces.it is one of the oldest known metal working process.in modern time, industrial forging is done either with presses or with hammers powered by compressed air, electricity, hydraulics or steam.


Welding- it is process of joining two metals together.the welding are done by applying sometimes some pressure and without pressure it's contain consumable & non consumable electrode.Joints type-lap joint,butt joint,corner joint,edge joint Etc.
The weld metal is that portion of joint that has been melted during welding. The heat affected zone is that portion of the region adjacent to the weld metal that has not been welded but has undergone change in microstructure & mechanical properties due to the heat of welding.

Soldering- the lead & tin material is used as filler material. Zinc chloride, hydrochloride are used as flux for removing oxides. Copper, silver, gold joining are used. The temperature is less than 430degree celcius.

Brazing- copper+zinc, copper+alluminum, copper+silver are used as filler material in brazing. The flux used in brazing is boric acid, borax. The temperature is more than 430degree celcius.

Welding includes-1) electrode- consumable, non-consumable electrode.

2) flux- various fluxes 
3) filler material- Ex- in soldering the filler is used as lead& tin material
Welding are of two types
1) pressure welding- some pressure is applied.
2) non pressure welding- no pressure is applied for welding.

Pressure welding types- resistance welding

Non pressure welding types- SAW, arc welding, gas welding, TIG, MIG, soldering, brazing, electric welding etc.

Ex-  is a gas welding which contain two cylinder of oxygen& Acetylene gas which are connected with the two valve  known as oxygen valve & Acetylene gas valve & this both are in require amount are sent to the mixer and there in a tip through which arcs are produced.

Types of electrode used in welding

1) consumable electrode.
2) non consumable electrode.
Consumable electrode start melting with the welding process
Non consumable electrode are types of electrode which does not melt along with
Welding process.

Metal removal processes
1) drilling 
2) milling
3) turning
4) grinding 
& Many more

Metal removal process is generally used for removing extra metal from the object.

Drilling- drilling is a cutting process that uses drill bit to cut a hole of circular cross-section in a solid material. The drill bit is usually the rotary cutting tool, often multipoint the bit is pressed against the workpiece and rotate at the rate of hundered​ to thousands Revolution per minute.this forces the cutting edge against the workpiece, Cutting of chips from the hole as it is drilled.

Turning- it is the process in which the cutting tool perform the motion against the workpiece. the cutting tool is kept parallel to the workpiece in case of Turing
For flat surface the cutting tool is kept perpendicular to the workpiece.

Grinding-the grinding machine,  often shortened to grinder, is any of various power tools or machine tool used for grinding which is a type of machining using an abrasive wheel as the cutting tool. Each grain of abrasive on the wheel surface cuts a small chip from the workpiece from the workpiece via shear deformation.


Manufacturing process is all about the process of machining of the product which is further get converted into final product.
After manufacturing process the assembly of various manufacturing parts are done which is known as production unit.
It's also machining of various metallic jobs
Into various dimensions by using lathe,CNC machines.